MONARCHY SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA PT 2

The Paramount King of Malaysia or 'Yang Di Pertuan Agong'

I would like to repeat my statement in other page earlier that Malaysia is a unique country. We live in multi-racial community peacefully (except 13 May 1969 tragedy), we pledge our loyalty to the Constitutional Supreme Head of State of Malaysia, known as (with the full title) 'Seri Paduka Baginda Yang DiPertuan Agong'

In the Malaysian constitutional monarchy system, the role of the YDPA is largely ceremonial. The constitution clearly stated that the executive power is executed by the Cabinet Minister, headed by the Prime Minister of Malaysia.

The selection and appointment

As mentioned earlier, Malaysia is a unique monarchial country. The appointment of YDPA is rotated every five year among the nine Malay States Rulers in Malaysia (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu. The basis of selection of YDPA was iniatialy based on the seniority order or length of reigning the State at the date of 31 Agust 1957. The terms of reference of the appointment were set by the Malay Rulers Council or Majlis Raja-raja Melayu. Each of them has the 'individual' right to vote either to appoint or to relinquish the candidate. The minor King are not qualified to be nominated as a candidate. When the State Ruler being appointed as YDPA, he will appoint a Regent among his 'royal family', normally his eldest son or younger brother.

The YDPA has the constitutional power to appoint the following:

• Prime Minister and the Cabinet Ministers.
• Lord President, Chief of Justice of Malaya, Chief Justice of Borneo, Judges of Federal Court, President and Judges of Appeal Court and Hugh Court Judges and Judicial Commissioner.
• Chief of Defence Forces, Chief of Army, Navy and Air Force.
• Inspector General of Police.
• 44 Senate Members (Senators).
• Members of Islamic Affairs Council for Malacca, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak (on his capacity of the Head of Islamic affairs in these States).
  

The YDPA is also the Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces with the rank of Field Marshall for the Army, Admiral of the Fleet for the Navy and Marshall of the Air Force.

Election of 1st Agong

In August 1957, the 9 Rulers were met to select and vote for the first holder of the throne. According to the seniority order, the Sultan of Johor (Major General Sultan Sir Ibrahim) was the most senior Ruler. However he rejected the appointment due to his age factor (he was 84).

The position of Malay Rulers according to seniority order on 31 August 1957 was:

• DYMM Sultan Major General Sir Ibrahim ibni almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar (Sultan of Johor since1985) - he declined the nomination.
• DYMM Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Ri'ayatuddin alMuadzam Shah ibni almarhum Sultan Abdullah alMustain Billah Shah (Sultan of Pahang since 1933) - he received insufficient vote.
• DYMM Tuanku Sir Abdul Rahman ibni almarhum Tuanku Muhammad (The Yang Di Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan since 1933)- elected as YDPA
• DYMM Sultan Sir Hishamuddin Alam Shah ibni almarhum Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah (Sultan of Selangor since 1939) - elected as Deputy
• DYMM Sultan Sir Badlishah ibni almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (Sultan of Kedah since 1943)
• DYMM Tuanku Sir Syed Harun Putra ibni almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail (Raja of Perlis since 1945)
• DYMM Sultan Sir Ibrahim Petra ibni almarhum Sultan Mohammad IV (Sultan of Kelantan since 1945)
• DYMM Sultan Sir Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin II (Sultan of Terengganu since 1945); and
• DYMM Sultan Sir Yusuf Izzuddin Redhaullah Ghafarallahu lahu Shah ibni almarhum Sultan Abdul Jalil Riayatuddin alMuhtaram Shah (Sultan of Perak since 1948)

Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad

(Almarhum Tuanku Hajjah Khursiah binti almarhum Tengku Besar Burhanuddin)

(31 Ogos 1957 - 1 Apr 1960)

Events after the elections:

• Sultan Kedah died on 15 July 1958 and his son Sultan Abdul Halim alMuadzam Shah (Raja Muda) was proclaimed as a new Sultan.
• Sultan of Johor died on 8 May 1959 and his son, Sultan Ismail (Tengku Mahkota) was proclaimed as a new Sultan.
• YDP I died on 1 Apr 1960, and his son Tuanku Munawir (Tunku Besar Seri Menanti) was proclaimed as new YDP Besar Negeri Sembilan.
  

Almarhum Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah Alhaj ibni Almarhum Tuanku Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah

(Almarhum Raja Jemaah binti almarhum Raja Ahmad)

(14 Apr 1960 - 1 Sep 1960)

Events after the elections:

• Sultan of Kelantan died on 10 July 1960 and his son Sultan Yahya Petra ibni almarhum Sultan Sir Ibrahim (Tengku Mahkota) was proclaimed as a new sultan of Kelantan.
• The YDPA II died on 1 Sep 1960 while in office. His son, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah ibni almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah (Raja Muda) was proclaimed as new Sultan of Selangor.
  

Election of 3rd Agong

Seniority order list on 21 Sep 1960.

• Sultan of Pahang (declined the nomination)
• Raja of Perlis (elected as YDPA)
• Sultan of Terengganu (elected as Deputy)
• Sultan of Perak
• Sultan of Kedah
• Sultan of Johore
• Sultan of Kelantan
• YDPB Negeri Sembilan (completed the turn)
• Sultan of Selangor (completed the turn)

Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail

(Tuanku Budriah binti amarhum Tengku Ismail)

(21 Sep 1960 - 20 Sep1965)

Events after the elections:

• Sultan of Perak died in 4 Jan 1963 and Sultan Idris al Mutawakil Alallahi Shah ibni almarhum Sultan Iskandar Shah Kadasallah (Raja Muda) was proclaimed as a new Sultan.
  

Almarhum Tuanku Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin
(Tuanku Intan Zaharah binti almarhum Tengku Omar)

(21 Sep 1965 - 20 Sep 1970)

Events after the election:

• YDP Besar of NS died on 18 Apr 1967 and his brother Tuanku Jaafar ibni almarhum Tuanku Abd Rahman was proclaimed as a new YDP Besar NS.

Tuanku Haji Abdul Halim al Muadzam Shah ibni almarhum Sultan Badlishah

(Tuanku Bahyah binti almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman)

(21 Sep 1970 - 20 Sep 1975)

Events after the election:

• Sultan of Pahang died on 5 May 1974 and his son Sultan Hj Ahmad Shah Almustain Billah (Tengku Mahkota) was proclaimed as new Sultan of Pahang.

Election of 6th Agong

Seniority order on 21 Sep 1975:

• Sultan of Johore (decline the nomination)
• Sultan of Kelantan (elected as YDPA)
• Sultan of Perak (declined the nomination as Deputy)
• Sultan of Pahang (elected as Deputy)
• YDPB of Negeri Sembilan (c/t)
• Sultan of Selangor (c/t)
• Raja of Perlis (c/t)
• Sultan of Terengganu (c/t)
• Sultan of Kedah (c/t)

Tuanku Al Sultan Yahya Petra ibni almarhum Tuanku Ibrahim Petra

(Tuanku Zainab binti Tunku Mohammed Petra)

(21 Sep 1975 - 29 March 1979)

Events after the election:

• The YDPA died on 29 March 1979 while in office (his son, Tuanku Ismail Petra was proclaimed as a new Sultan of Kelantan on 29 March 1979).

Election of 7th Agong

Seniority order on 26 Apr 1979:

• Sultan of Johor (declined the nomination)
• Sultan of Perak (declined the nomination)
• Sultan of Pahang (elected as YDPA)
• YDPB Negeri Sembilan (c/t) (elected as Deputy YDPA)
• Sultan of Selangor (c/t)
• Raja of Perlis (c/t)
• Sultan of Terengganu (c/t)
• Sultan of Kedah (c/t)
• Sultan of Kelantan (c/t)

Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta’in Billah ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mu’Adzam Shah

(Tuanku Hajjah Afzan binti Tengku Mohammad)

(26 Apr 1979 - 25 Apr 1984)

Events:

• Sultan Terengganu died on 20 Sep 1979 and his son Sultan Mahmud alMuktafi Billah Shah (Yang diPertuan Muda was proclaimed as a new Sultan)
• Sultan of Johore died on 11 May 1981 and his son Sultan Mahmood Iskandar (Tunku Mahkota) was proclaimed as a new Sultan)
• Sultan of Perak died on 7 Feb 1984 and Sultan Azlan Muhibuddin Shah ibni almarhum Sultan Yusuf Izzuddin Shah (Raja Muda) was proclaimed as a new Sultan)

Election of 8th Agong

Seniority order on 25 Apr 1984:

• Sultan of Johore (elected as a YDPA)
• Sultan of Perak (elected as a Deputy)
• YDPA of Negeri Sembilan
• Sultan of Selangor
• Raja of Perlis
• Sultan of Terengganu
• Sultan of Kedah
• Sultan of Kelantan
• Sultan of Pahang
  

Almutawakkil Alallah Sultan Iskandar Alhaj ibni almarhum Sultan Ismail

(Tuanku Hajjah Zanariah binti Tengku Ahmad)

(26 Apr 1984 - 25 Apr 1989)

Election of 9th Agong

Seniority order on 25 Apr 1989:

• Sultan of Perak (elected as YDPA)
• YDPB Negeri Sembilan (elected as Deputy for the second time)
• Sultan of Selangor
• Raja of Perlis
• Sultan of Terengganu
• Sultan of Kedah
• Sultan of Kelantan
• Sultan of Pahang
• Sultan of Johor
  

Tuanku Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni almarhum Sultan Yusuf Izzuddin Shah Rithauddin Ghafarallahu lahu Shah

(Tuanku Permaisuri Bainun binti Mohammad Ali)

(26 Apr 1989 - 25 Apr 1994)

Election of 10th Agong

After the end of the term of Sultan Azlan Shah, the rotation of all the States Rulers was completed. The next rotation will follow the list below:

• Negeri Sembilan (elected as YDPA)
• Selangor (elected as Deputy)
• Perlis (second time)
• Terengganu
• Kedah (second time)
• Kelantan
• Pahang (second time )
• Johor (second time)
• Perak (second time)

Almarhum Tuanku Ja’afar Alhaj ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman

(Tuanku Najihah binti Tengku Besar Burhanuddin)

(26 Apr 1994 - 25 Apr 1999)

Events:

• Sultan of Terengganu died on 15 March 1998 and his son Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (Yang diPertuan Muda) was proclaimed as the new Sultan.
  

Election of 11th Agong

Seniority order on 21 Sep 1975:

• Selangor (elected as the YDPA)
• Perlis (second time) (declined to be nominated for Deputy)
• Terengganu (elected as Deputy)
• Kedah (second time)
• Kelantan
• Pahang (second time )
• Johor (second time)
• Perak (second time)
• Negeri Sembilan

Tuanku Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj ibni Almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin

Alam Shah Alhaj

(Tuanku Permaisuri Siti Aishah binti Dato’ Seri Abdul Rahman)

(26 Apr 1999 - 21 Nov 2001)

Events:

• Raja Perlis died in 7 May 2001 and his son, Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin ibni almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail (Raja Muda) was proclaimed as a new Raja of Perlis.
• The YDPA died on 21 Nov 2001 while in office. his son, Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah ibni almarhum Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah was proclaimed as a new Sultan.
  

Election of 12th Agong

Seniority order on 13 Dec 2001:

• Perlis (elected as the YDPA)
• Terengganu (elected as Deputy for the second time)
• Kedah (second time)
• Kelantan
• Pahang (second time )
• Johor (second time)
• Perak (second time)
• Negeri Sembilan
• Selangor

Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin ibni almarhun Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail
(Tuanku Fauziah binti almarhum Tengku Abdul Rashid)

(13 DEC 2001 - 12 DEC 2006)

Election of 13th Agong

Seniority order on 21 Sep 1975:

• Terengganu (elected as the YDPA)
• Kedah* (elected as a Deputy for the second time)
• Kelantan
• Pahang (second time )
• Johor (second time)
• Perak (second time)
• Negeri Sembilan
• Selangor
• Perlis (second time)

Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al Muktafi Billah

(Tuanku Permaisuri Nur Zahirah)

(13 Dec 2006 - in office)

Events after the election:

• Yang di Pertuan Besar N.Sembilan died in 26 Dec 2009. Tuanku Muhriz ibni almarhum Tuanku Munawir was proclaimed as a new YDPB on 28 Dec 2009.
• Sultan of Johore died on 21 Jan 2010. Sultan Ibrahim ibni almarhum Sultan Iskandar was proclaimed as a new Sultan of Johore on 22 Jan 2010.
  

Seniority order 'of the day' for the next YDPA selection:

• Kedah (second time)
• Kelantan
• Pahang (second time )
• Johor
  
• Perak (second time)
• Negeri Sembilan
• Selangor
• Perlis (second time)